They established two firms in 1878 – Marcus Samuel & Company in London and Samuel Samuel & Company in Japan. Their most important inheritance was a network of trusted agents in the Far East as well as other business contacts. He was succeeded on his death in 1870 by sons Marcus Jr and Samuel. Trading partners multiplied, and Samuel was soon dealing globally in food, sugar, flour – and shells. Textiles and machinery for industrial development were shipped from the UK in exchange for rice, coal, silk, copper and porcelain. Samuel organised bilateral trade between the UK and the Far East. The enterprise was lucrative, and grew into a flourishing import-export company. Royal Dutch Shell, engelsk, A typical Victorian decorative shell box. The secrets and spin of an oil giant, Edinburgh: 32. Fotnote: Cummins, Ian and Beasant, John (2005). It all started in 1833 when Marcus Samuel Sr began a small business in the East End, dealing in antiques and curiosities as well as painted seashells, fashionable in Victorian Britain. Soon afterwards, this company merged with the Royal Dutch/Shell group. Samuel Samuel then established Rising Sun Petroleum Co (later Shell Petroleum) in 1900 as an independent petroleum arm distributing candles and lamp oil (kerosene). This enterprise was founded in Yokohama, Japan, in 1878 as an international trading company. While the first of this pair was an ambitious Londoner of Jewish origin from the East End, the other hailed from the Netherlands and had a bent for details and figures. This is the story of how the group grew into one of the world’s largest enterprises, but also about its two founders – Marcus Samuel Jr and Henri Deterding. Now a multinational company with its head office in the Hague and its business address in London, Royal Dutch Shell started life in 1907 as an alliance between Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and Britain’s Shell Transport and Trading Company.
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